Provides detailed explanations, syntax usage, and practical examples of common Excel formulas to help you quickly master Excel formula techniques.
SUM(number1, [number2], ...)
=SUM(A1:A10) - Sum values from A1 to A10
=SUM(1,2,3,4,5) - Sum numbers 1 to 5
=SUM(A1:A10, B1:B10) - Sum two ranges
AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)
=AVERAGE(A1:A10) - Average values from A1 to A10
=AVERAGE(10,20,30) - Average of 10, 20, 30
=AVERAGE(A1:A5, B1:B5) - Average of two ranges
COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)
=COUNT(A1:A10) - Count numbers in A1 to A10
=COUNT(A1,B1,C1) - Count numbers in three cells
=COUNT(A1:A10, B1:B10) - Count numbers in two ranges
MAX(number1, [number2], ...)
=MAX(A1:A10) - Maximum value in A1 to A10
=MAX(1,5,3,9,2) - Maximum of 1,5,3,9,2
=MAX(A1:A5, B1:B5) - Maximum of two ranges
MIN(number1, [number2], ...)
=MIN(A1:A10) - Minimum value in A1 to A10
=MIN(1,5,3,9,2) - Minimum of 1,5,3,9,2
=MIN(A1:A5, B1:B5) - Minimum of two ranges
ROUND(number, num_digits)
=ROUND(3.14159, 2) - Returns 3.14
=ROUND(A1, 0) - Round A1 to whole number
=ROUND(123.456, -1) - Returns 120 (round to tens)
SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])
=SUMIF(A1:A10, ">100", B1:B10) - Sum B values where A > 100
=SUMIF(A1:A10, "Apple", B1:B10) - Sum B values where A = "Apple"
=SUMIF(A1:A10, ">0") - Sum A values greater than 0
CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], ...)
=CONCATENATE("Hello", " ", "World") - Returns "Hello World"
=CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1) - Join A1 and B1 contents
=CONCATENATE("ID: ", A1, "-", B1) - Create formatted ID
LEFT(text, [num_chars])
=LEFT("Hello World", 5) - Returns "Hello"
=LEFT(A1, 3) - Extract first 3 characters from A1
=LEFT("ABC123", 3) - Returns "ABC"
RIGHT(text, [num_chars])
=RIGHT("Hello World", 5) - Returns "World"
=RIGHT(A1, 4) - Extract last 4 characters from A1
=RIGHT("ABC123", 3) - Returns "123"
MID(text, start_num, num_chars)
=MID("Hello World", 7, 5) - Returns "World"
=MID(A1, 2, 3) - Extract 3 characters starting from position 2 in A1
=MID("ABC123DEF", 4, 3) - Returns "123"
LEN(text)
=LEN("Hello World") - Returns 11
=LEN(A1) - Returns length of text in A1
=LEN("ABC123") - Returns 6
UPPER(text)
=UPPER("hello world") - Returns "HELLO WORLD"
=UPPER(A1) - Convert A1 content to uppercase
=UPPER("Excel") - Returns "EXCEL"
LOWER(text)
=LOWER("HELLO WORLD") - Returns "hello world"
=LOWER(A1) - Convert A1 content to lowercase
=LOWER("Excel") - Returns "excel"
TODAY()
=TODAY() - Returns current date
=TODAY()+7 - Returns date 7 days from now
=TODAY()-30 - Returns date 30 days ago
NOW()
=NOW() - Returns current date and time
=NOW()+1/24 - Returns time 1 hour from now
=NOW()-1/24/60 - Returns time 1 minute ago
DATE(year, month, day)
=DATE(2024, 1, 15) - Returns January 15, 2024
=DATE(A1, B1, C1) - Create date from A1, B1, C1 values
=DATE(2024, 12, 31) - Returns December 31, 2024
YEAR(serial_number)
=YEAR(TODAY()) - Returns current year
=YEAR(A1) - Returns year from date in A1
=YEAR(DATE(2024,1,1)) - Returns 2024
MONTH(serial_number)
=MONTH(TODAY()) - Returns current month
=MONTH(A1) - Returns month from date in A1
=MONTH(DATE(2024,12,25)) - Returns 12
DAY(serial_number)
=DAY(TODAY()) - Returns current day
=DAY(A1) - Returns day from date in A1
=DAY(DATE(2024,1,15)) - Returns 15
IF(logical_test, value_if_true, [value_if_false])
=IF(A1>10, "High", "Low") - Returns "High" if A1>10, else "Low"
=IF(A1=B1, "Equal", "Not Equal") - Compare A1 and B1
=IF(A1>0, A1*2, 0) - Returns A1*2 if A1>0, else 0
AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)
=AND(A1>10, B1<20) - Check if A1>10 AND B1<20
=AND(A1>0, A1<100) - Check if A1 is between 0 and 100
=AND(A1="Yes", B1="Yes") - Check if both A1 and B1 equal "Yes"
OR(logical1, [logical2], ...)
=OR(A1>10, B1>10) - Check if A1 OR B1 is greater than 10
=OR(A1="Yes", A1="Y") - Check if A1 equals "Yes" or "Y"
=OR(A1>0, B1>0) - Check if A1 OR B1 is greater than 0
NOT(logical)
=NOT(A1>10) - Returns TRUE if A1 is not greater than 10
=NOT(A1=B1) - Returns TRUE if A1 is not equal to B1
=NOT(TRUE) - Returns FALSE
VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
=VLOOKUP("Apple", A1:B10, 2, FALSE) - Find "Apple" in A1:B10, return column 2
=VLOOKUP(A1, B1:D10, 3, TRUE) - Find A1 in B1:D10, return column 3
=VLOOKUP(100, A1:C10, 2, FALSE) - Find value 100
HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])
=HLOOKUP("Product A", A1:D5, 3, FALSE) - Find "Product A" in A1:D5, return row 3
=HLOOKUP(A1, B1:D5, 2, TRUE) - Find A1 in B1:D5, return row 2
=HLOOKUP("Price", A1:D5, 4, FALSE) - Find "Price"
INDEX(array, row_num, [column_num])
=INDEX(A1:C10, 3, 2) - Returns value at row 3, column 2 in A1:C10
=INDEX(A1:A10, 5) - Returns value at row 5 in A1:A10
=INDEX(A1:C10, 2, 3) - Returns value at row 2, column 3
MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])
=MATCH("Apple", A1:A10, 0) - Find position of "Apple" in A1:A10
=MATCH(100, A1:A10, 1) - Find position of value <= 100 in A1:A10
=MATCH(A1, B1:B10, 0) - Find position of A1 value in B1:B10